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Authors
Vaitsiakhovich, Tatsiana https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0227-0827
Hartenstein, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-6051
Privitera, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-3778
Patel, Manesh R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-0855
Piccini, Jonathan P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-2404
Coleman, Craig I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-7158
Abdelgawwad, Khaled https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-6273
Holberg, Gerlind https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2116-4376
Khorlo, Igor https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4527-7626
Mundl, Hardi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-3058
Schaefer, Bernhard https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1305-4415
Viethen, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5334-1197
Vogtländer, Kai https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3960-2101
Vowinkel, Alexander https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0774-0543
Kleinjung, Frank https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2486-1759
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bayer
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Accepted: 8 April 2025
First Online: 16 May 2025
Declarations
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: Tatsiana Vaitsiakhovich, Bernhard Schaefer, and Thomas Viethen were full-time employees of Bayer AG at the time the study was performed and own shares in Bayer AG. Tatsiana Vaitsiakhovich and Thomas Viethen are now employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG. Bernhard Schaefer is now a part-time consultant to Bayer AG. Frank Kleinjung was an employee of Bayer AG at the time the study was performed and is now an employee of Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH. Hardi Mundl was an employee of Bayer AG at the time the study was performed. Alexander Hartenstein, Stephen Privitera, Khaled Abdelgawwad, Gerlind Holberg, Igor Khorlo, Kai Vogtländer, and Alexander Vowinkel are employees of Bayer AG. Stephen Privitera, Khaled Abdelgawwad, Gerlind Holberg, and Kai Vogtländer own shares in Bayer AG. Manesh R. Patel has received research grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Heartflow, Janssen, NHLBI, and PCORI, and consulting fees for advisory boards for Bayer AG, Janssen, Medscape, and Novartis. Jonathan P. Piccini declares a grant from Duke University, consulting fees from Abbott, Boston Scientific, ElectroPhysiology Frontiers, Medtronic, Milestone, Philips, Sanofi Aventis, and Up to Date, and participation on data safety monitoring board or advisory boards for the STAR AF III and Kardium Globe IDE trials, and is a member of the board of trustees of the Heart Rhythm Society. Craig I. Coleman has received research funding and consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, and Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC.
: Data included in the Optum electronic health records are de-identified and follow the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 to preserve participant anonymity and confidentiality and, as such, this study followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki without the requirement for review from a formal ethics review committee. The use of the provided Optum data was determined by the New England Institutional Review Board not to constitute research involving human participants and was therefore exempt from board oversight.
