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Authors
Matsuo-Ohsawa, Ako https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0855-2602
Katada, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-3686
Kohsaka, Shun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-2972
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer Japan Inc.
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Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 8 July 2025
Declarations
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: Ako Matsuo-Ohsawa and Jun Katada are full-time employees of Pfizer Japan Inc., which is a co-promotion partner with Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. for the marketing of apixaban. Shun Kohsaka has received a research grant from AstraZeneca, which did not play any role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Japanese Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study used data existing in an anonymized structured format in the MDV database and not containing any patient personal information, which, according to applicable international and local legal requirements, are not subject to privacy laws. According to the “Ethical Guidelines for Human Life Science and Medical Research” in Japan, informed consent is not required for studies using unlinkable anonymized data. Therefore, obtaining written informed consent from patients or approval from the institutional review board or an independent ethics committee was not required. The MDV database is a commercially available database, and we have access to it under contract with MDV Co. Inc.
