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Article History

Received: 3 December 2024

Accepted: 3 March 2025

First Online: 10 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Patrick Vermersch: personal compensation for consulting from AB Science, Biogen, BMS-Celgene, Imcyse, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and Teva. Honoraria and support for meetings from Biogen, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi. Research grants from Merck, Sanofi, and Roche. Arnaud Kwiatkowski: personal compensation for consulting from Biogen, Merck, Novartis. Honoraria from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi; for meetings from Biogen, Janssen, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi; for participation in advisory board from Novartis. Alain Créange: grants or contracts from Alexion, Biogen, BMS, Merck, Novartis, and Roche. Honoraria and support for meetings from Alexion, Biogen, and Novartis. Payment for expert testimony from Merck. Marilyn Gros and Marta Ruiz: employees of and may hold stock and/or stock options in Biogen. Nathalie Texier, Jérôme de Sèze, Christine Lebrun-Frenay and Sophie Fantoni-Quinton have nothing to disclose.

: The TITAN study was approved by the French Consultative Committee on Data Processing in Health Research; approved by the French Expert Committee on Health Research, Studies, and Evaluations (Comité Consultatif sur le Traitement de l’Information en matière de Recherche dans le domaine de la Santé [CCTIRS]); and authorized by the French Data Protection Commission. The study was conducted in accordance with local French laws, including the French Data Protection Act (Informatique et Libertés) and French Expert Committee on Health Research, Studies, and Evaluations (Comité d’Expertise pour les Recherches, les Etudes et les Evaluations dans le domaine de la Santé [CEREES]).