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Authors
Varnado, Oralee J.
Vu, Michelle
Kim, Gilwan
Hoyt, Margaret
Buysman, Erin
Nayyar, Abhinav
Anand, Shikha
Viktrup, Lars
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eli Lilly and Company
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2024
Accepted: 27 March 2025
First Online: 11 April 2025
Declarations
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: Oralee J. Varnado, Gilwan Kim, Margaret Hoyt, and Lars Viktrup are employees and minor shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Michelle Vu, Erin Buysman, Abhinav Nayyar, and Shikha Anand are employees and shareholders of United Health Group. The authors report no other conflicts of interest for this work.
: All data were accessed in compliance with US patient confidentiality requirements, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 regulations (HIPAA). All databases used are de-identified and fall under the US Department of Health and Human Services Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects, and therefore informed consent and Institutional Review Board approval were not required. The authors obtained permission to use the Optum Market Clarity Database.
