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Article History

Received: 8 April 2025

Accepted: 1 May 2025

First Online: 17 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Raed Alroughani received honoraria as a speaker and for serving on scientific advisory boards from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi. Samar Farouk received honoraria as a speaker and for serving in scientific advisory boards from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi. Abdullah Al-Asmi received honoraria for serving on scientific advisory boards from Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi and travel reimbursement from, Biologix, Sanofi, Merck, Roche, Bayer, and Novartis. Areen Said received honoraria as a speaker and/or for serving in scientific advisory boards and/or consultant honoraria from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and/or Julphar and received educational conference travel, registration, and/or hotel accommodations, sponsored by Merck, Novartis, and/or Roche. Dirk Deleu has served on Advisory Boards of Merck, Novartis, Biologix, Roche, and Sanofi and is a member of MENACTRIMS. Pournamy Sarathchandran received speaker honoraria from Merck, Novartis, and Roche. Amir Boshra is a full-time employee of Merck Serono Middle East FZ Ltd., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Jihad S Inshasi, Ali Hassan, Miklos Szolics, Beatrice Benedetti, Mohammad Abouelnaga, Anu Jacob, Iman Al-Lawati, Mustafa Shakra, and Mona Thakre reported no other dualities of interest.

: This review article is based on previously conducted studies and the clinical expertise of the authors in treating patients with RMS. No new clinical studies were performed by the authors. No patient-specific efficacy or safety data were reported; therefore, institutional review board (IRB)/ethics approval was not required.

: No AI-related technologies were used in the development of this article.