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Article History

Received: 22 April 2025

Accepted: 24 June 2025

First Online: 17 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Noriko Isobe received speaker honoraria from Biogen Japan, Novartis Pharma, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, UCB Japan, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, argenx, and Chugai Pharmaceutical and research grants from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Novartis Pharma, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Biogen Japan, Sumitomo Pharma, CSL Behring, Eisai, Kyowa Kirin, and Japan Blood Products Organization. Tetsuro Oda, Tomohiro Yamaguchi, Shinichi Matsuda, Yuta Kamei, Takahiko Tsumuraya, Akinori Yuri, and Ayako Nakasone are employees of Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Keiko Asao was an employee of IQVIA Solutions Japan G.K. at the time of study conduct and is currently the president and shareholder of Kappa Medical K.K.

: This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Japanese Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects. We utilized anonymized information that was processed in compliance with the regulations outlined in the Japanese Act on the Protection of Personal Information. As such, consent from the subjects for its use was not deemed necessary. The protocol was pre-registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR: UMIN000051151) and approved by the non-profit organization MINS’ Research Ethics Committee on 2 February 2023 (MINS-REC-230205).