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Article History

Received: 12 September 2025

Accepted: 5 November 2025

First Online: 28 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Hans-Peter Hartung has received consulting fees from Sanofi and Octapharma, and served on steering/data monitoring committees and scientific adboard for Biogen, BMS Celgene, Boehringer Ingelheim, GeNeuro, Merck, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche, and TG Therapeutics. Hans Peter Hartung is an Editorial Board member of Neurology and Therapy. Hans Peter Hartung was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Nazem Atassi, Miguel Alonso-Alonso, Manuel Nunez, Alex Seluzhytsky, Ekaterina Smolkina, Flavio Dormont, Mati Lopez-Grancha, and Omar Saeed are employees of Sanofi and may hold stocks or stock options in the company. Marvin Nguyen is an employee of Daiichi Sankyo. Marvin was employed at Sanofi at the time of this study’s conduct. Richard Lewis received consulting fees for Alexion, Amgen, Annexon, Argenx, Avilar, BioCryst, CSL Behring, Dianthus, Grifols, Johnson & Johnson, Immunovant, Nervosave, Nuvig, Sanofi, Seismic, Takeda, TG Therapeutics; served on data safety monitoring board/advisory board for Boehringer Ingelheim, Intellia Therapeutics, Inc., and Cartesian Therapeutics, Inc.; a medical advisory board member for the GBS-CIDP Foundation International and the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA); and a member of speaker’s bureau for Medscape, PeerView and PeerVoice.

: An ethics review was not required as the study utilized a de-identified claims database. Sanofi was granted access to the dataset through a licensing agreement with Optum ® .