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Authors
Alatawi, Yasser https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-6931
Alamri, Faisal F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-8215
Alraddadi, Eman A. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5974-1259
Algamedi, Sarah
Alkhathami, Asail
Altowairqi, Ghaida
Ferak, Mehaf
Bamusa, Khadijah
Alhalwani, Amani Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-2767
Hafez, Salwa Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-5186
Almutawa, Faisal
Hakami, Alqassem Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-1339
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Yasser Alatawi, Faisal F. Alamri, Eman A. Alraddadi, Sarah Algamedi, Asail Alkhathami, Ghaida Altowairqi, Mehaf Ferak, Khadijah Bamusa, Amani Y. Alhalwani, Salwa Y. Hafez, Faisal Almutawa and Alqassem Y. Hakami declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (study number SP24J/044/03). Due to the retrospective observational nature of this study, informed consent was not required from the participants. The authors confirm that this study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments.
