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Article History

Received: 3 November 2025

Accepted: 20 January 2026

First Online: 18 February 2026

Declarations

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: Gil L’Italien, Michele Potashman, Melissa Beiner and Vlad Coric are employees of Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Basia Rogula, Lauren Powell, and Ellen Korol, employees of Broadstreet HEOR which was contracted by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc for the conduct of this study. Samuel P. Dickson and Suzanne Hendrix are employees of Pentara Corporation which was contracted by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc for the conduct of this study. Maggie Heinrich is an employee of Parexel which was contracted by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc for the conduct of this study. Katja Rudell was an employee of Paraxel at the point of data collection. Linda Abetz-Webb provided clinical outcomes assessments consulting to Parexel on this study and provides clinical outcomes assessments consulting across the pharmaceutical industry across rare disease areas. Liana S. Rosenthal received consulting fees from Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Rosenthal is an Associate Professor in the Department of Neurology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Rosenthal engaged in this research as a private consultant or advisor and not in her capacity as a Johns Hopkins faculty member. Dr. Rosenthal was compensated for the consulting or advising service in income. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Susan Perlman has nothing to disclose. Jeremy Schmahmann receives consulting fees from Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., is site Principal Investigator for Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in clinical trials in ataxia and multiple system atrophy, and for IntraBio in clinical trials in ataxia telangiectasia. Research support, commercial entities: Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. unrestricted grant for the study of multiple system atrophy imaging biomarkers. Research support, foundations, and societies: National Ataxia, Great Oaks, Once Upon A Time, ARSACS and MINDlink Foundations. Principal Investigator license fee payments. Technology or inventions: Inventor, Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS), Brief Ataxia Rating Scale revised (BARS2), Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann syndrome Scale, Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Ataxia, Cerebellar Neuropsychiatric Rating Scale, Cerebellar Neuropsychiatric Rating Scale version 2, to which copyright is held by The Massachusetts General Hospital Corporation.

: Ethics approval was not required for this study as it did not involve the recruitment of subjects.