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Authors
Strzelczyk, Adam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-9915
Kostev, Karel
Margraf, Nils G.
Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Angelini Pharma Germany
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
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: Adam Strzelczyk received personal fees and grants from Angelini Pharma, Biocodex, Desitin Arzneimittel, Eisai, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Longboard, Neuraxpharm, Stoke Therapeutics, Takeda, UCB Pharma, and UNEEG medical. Nils G. Margraf received travel grants, lecture honoria, and financial project support from Jazz Pharma, Angelini Pharma, Eisai Pharma, UCB Pharma, LivaNova, and Desitin Pharma. Andreas Schulze-Bonhage received personal honoraria for lectures or advice from Angelini Pharma, Desisin, Eisai, Jazz Pharma, Precisis, UCB and UNEEG. Karel Kostev is employed by IQVIA. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: The databases contain only anonymous data and do not identify any personal information, in compliance with §3 Abs. 6 of the German Federal Data Protection Act ( Bundesdatenschutzgesetz ). Identification of individual patients was not possible; therefore, informed consent was not required. The authors obtained the necessary permissions to use the data from both databases.
