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Authors
Moreno-Navarro, Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-6239
Ruiz-Escribano-Menchen, Lourdes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-1005
Polache-Vengud, Josefa https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8583-035X
Lobato-Martinez, Ester https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1138-2388
Sempere, Angel P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-2834
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Article History
Received: 27 February 2026
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Luis Moreno-Navarro has received speaking honoraria or travel expenses for participation in scientific meetings from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Esteve, Juvisé Pharmaceuticals, Kern Pharma, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Roche, Sandoz, and Sanofi. Lourdes Ruiz-Escribano-Menchen declares fees for lectures or assistance to congresses from Alter, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck, Novartis, and Roche. Angel P. Sempere has received personal compensation from Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Sandoz for serving on a scientific advisory board or speaking. Josefa Polache-Vengud and Ester Lobato-Martinez have nothing to disclose.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, and its later amendments, and approved by the Ethics Committee for Medical Research of the Health Department of Alicante General Hospital, Spain (Reference 2025-0199). All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study.
