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Article History

Received: 22 April 2026

Accepted: 30 June 2026

First Online: 9 July 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare the following conflicts of interest. Giancarlo Di Gennaro has received speaker’s honoraria from UCB Pharma, Eisai, Lusofarmaco, LivaNova, and Angelini Pharma, and has served on advisory boards for Angelini Pharma, LivaNova, and UCB Pharma. Carlo Di Bonaventura has received speaker’s or consultancy fees from Eisai, UCB Pharma, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Angelini Pharma, and Lusofarmaco, and has participated in advisory boards for Eisai, UCB Pharma, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, BIAL, and Angelini Pharma. Carlo Andrea Galimberti and Alfonso Iudice declare no conflicts of interest related to this work. Simona Lattanzi has received speaker's or consultancy fees from Angelini Pharma, Eisai, GW Pharmaceuticals, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, NewBridge Pharmaceuticals, and UCB Pharma and has served on advisory boards for Angelini Pharma, Arvelle Therapeutics, BIAL, Eisai, GW Pharmaceuticals, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Rapport Therapeutics, and UCB Pharma outside the submitted work. Simona Lattanzi is an Editorial Board member of Neurology and Therapy. Simona Lattanzi was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: This article is based exclusively on previously published studies and does not report any new study involving human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Ethics committee approval and informed consent were therefore not required.