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Article History

Received: 18 November 2024

Accepted: 24 January 2025

First Online: 8 February 2025

Declarations

:

: Jeroen Geurtsen, Jan Poolman, and Maureen P. Neary were employees of Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, when the study was conducted. Elvira Carrió, Maxim Blum, and Thomas Verstraeten were employees of P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance when the study was conducted; P95 Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance is a company that received consulting fees from Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. Judy L. Donald, Mark A. Schmidt, and Richard T. Meenan were employees of Kaiser Permanente when the study was conducted but did not receive research funding, honoraria, or financial benefits, including travel, from Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Belmont report and its later amendments. The KPNW institutional review board approved this study (Federal Wide Assurance number: 00002344). To those invited to participate in the survey, KPCHR provided written information about the purpose of the study and what participation implied, and language was included within the consent form authorizing access to patient EMR data for the study team. Patients had the right to opt out or withdraw from the study at any time, without their rights or medical care being affected. Participation in the study was voluntary. For survey nonresponders, explicit consent to access EMR data was not required, as members of KPNW agree to the use of their medical records for research purposes (unless they specifically request to opt out) as part of their membership agreement. For all patients included in this analysis, personal identifiers were removed from analytic data sets, which were handled and stored in compliance with state and federal confidentiality and data protection laws.