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Authors
Liu, Szu-Yu
Chuang, Chien
Juan, Chih-Han
Ho, Yu-Chien
Chou, Sheng-Hua
Huang, Yi-Ru
Chin, Wan
Ho, Hsiang-Ling
Lin, Yi-Tsung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-7529
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 111-2314-B-A49-044)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2314-B-A49-029, NSTC 114-2314-B-A49-079-MY3)
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V112C-102, V113C-073, V114C-047)
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Article History
Received: 7 July 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 8 August 2025
Declarations
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: Szu-Yu Liu, Chien Chuang, Chih-Han Juan, Yu-Chien Ho, Sheng-Hua Chou, Yi-Ru Huang, Wan Chin, Hsiang-Ling Ho, and Yi-Tsung Lin declare no competing interests. Dr. Chih-Han Juan acquires an additional affiliation with the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, starting 31 July 2025. Dr. Yi-Tsung Lin has held an additional affiliation with the Center for Infection Control, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, since 16 July 2025.
: This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei Veterans General Hospital (2025-07-009BC) As a retrospective observational study, the study posed minimal risk to participants, thus the requirement for informed consent was waived. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments.
