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Authors
Liang, Caihua
Zhou, Yun
Kent, Matthew
Chilson, Erica L.
Gessner, Bradford D.
Begier, Elizabeth
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
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: Caihua Liang, Erica L. Chilson, and Elizabeth Begier are employees of Pfizer and may hold stock or stock options. Bradford D. Gessner was employed at Pfizer during the study and manuscript development and may have held stock or stock options. Yun Zhou is an employee of Genesis Research Group, which was contracted by Pfizer to provide research support for this study. Matthew Kent was an employee of Genesis Research Group at the time of the study and was contracted by Pfizer to provide research support for this study.
: Ethics committee approval was not required for this study. All data were accessed as a limited dataset for which a data use agreement was in place with the covered entities in compliance with HIPAA Privacy Rule. All protected health data were de-identified and thus exempted from institutional review board (IRB) review.
