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Authors
Ernst, Frank R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6927-9765
McGrath, Leah
Reimbaeva, Maya
Choi, Laura E.
Zografaki, Irini
Jiang, Lili
Lopez, Santiago M. C.
Moran, Mary M.
Puzniak, Laura
Jodar, Luis
Curcio, Daniel
Cané, Alejandro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer Inc
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: Frank R. Ernst, Leah McGrath, Maya Reimbaeva, Laura E. Choi, Irini Zografaki, Lili Jiang, Santiago M.C. Lopez, Mary M. Moran, Laura Puzniak, Luis Jodar, Daniel Curcio, and Alejandro Cané were employees of Pfizer at the time of the study and may hold Pfizer stock or stock options. Dr. McGrath’s affiliation has changed and is currently with AbbVie. Following his retirement from Pfizer, Dr. Jodar is currently unaffiliated.
: The study was exempt from institutional review board (IRB) approval, ethics committee review, or participant informed consent due to the deidentified nature of the database and compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule [ , ]. Access to the database used in this study was granted through agreements established with Optum ® .
