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Authors
Tseng, Yu-Tao
Chen, Yang-Chuan
Lee, Yi-Tzu
Liao, Po-Hsiang
Chiang, Dung-Hung
Chen, Po-Liang
Huang, Tzu-Wen
Wang, Yung-Chih https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8491-8972
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V110C-009)
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V114C-104)
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (VTA111-T-3-3)
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (VTA112-V1-1-1)
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (VTA113-V1-2-1)
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (VTA114-V1-2-1)
Yin Shu-Tien Foundation Taipei Veterans General Hospital-National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Excellent Physician Scientists Cultivation Program (114-V-B-018)
Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-E-114278)
Tri-Service General Hospital (VTA114-V1-2-2)
National Science and Technology Council (110-2314-B-075-072-)
National Science and Technology Council (111-2314-B-A49-091-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (114-2314-B-A49-072-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (111-2314-B-016-032-)
National Science and Technology Council (112-2314-B-016-038-MY2)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: Yu-Tao Tseng, Yang-Chuan Chen, Yi-Tzu Lee, Po-Hsiang Liao, Dung-Hung Chiang, Po-Liang Chen, Tzu-Wen Huang, and Yung-Chih Wang declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest related to this article.
: The study protocol was approved by the IRBs of each site (Tri-Service General Hospital [TSGH] IRB No. B202405058; Taipei Veterans General Hospital [TVGH] IRB No. 2016-06-001AC). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study using de-identified data.
