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Authors
Domnich, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-8892
Garzillo, Giada
Paolozzi, Vincenzo
Ricucci, Valentina
Orsi, Andrea
Icardi, Giancarlo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Relab s.r.l. (M10-Fast-2025)
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: Alexander Domnich provided consultancies and/or received speaker fees from CSL Seqirus, GSK, Sanofi, and SD Biosensor. Andrea Orsi provided consultancies and/or received speaker fees from CSL Seqirus, Moderna, Novavax, and SD Biosensor. Giancarlo Icardi provided consultancies and/or received grants for conducting experimental and/or observational studies for GSK, Sanofi, MSD, CSL Seqirus, and Pfizer. Giada Garzillo, Vincenzo Paolozzi, and Valentina Ricucci declare no conflicts of interest.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. All residual specimens used in this evaluation came from studies approved by the Liguria Region Ethics Committee (#288/2021, #716/2021, and #397/2023). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.
