Document is current

Article History

Received: 21 October 2025

Accepted: 8 December 2025

First Online: 24 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Matteo Bassetti is an Editorial Board member of Infectious Diseases and Therapy , while Daniele Roberto Giacobbe is an Advisory Board member of Infectious Diseases and Therapy . Matteo Bassetti and Daniele Roberto Giacobbe were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Outside the submitted work, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe reports investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer, Shionogi, BioMérieux, and Gilead Italia, and speaker/advisor fees from Pfizer, Menarini, and Tillotts Pharma. Outside the submitted work, Matteo Bassetti has received funding for scientific advisory boards, travel, and speaker honoraria from Cidara, Gilead, Menarini, MSD, Mundipharma, Pfizer, and Shionogi. Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez is a co-founder of, and scientific advisor, to Peptaris, Inc., provides consulting services to Invaio Sciences, and is a member of the Scientific Advisory Boards of Nowture S.L., Peptidus, European Biotech Venture Builder, the Peptide Drug Hunting Consortium (PDHC), ePhective Therapeutics, Inc., and Phare Bio. Alessandra Agnese Grossi has no conflicts of interest to report.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.