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Authors
Vicic, Nevena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-9871
Bogdanov, Alina
Zheng, Zhe
Ryan, Taylor
Zeng, Ni
Joshi, Keya
Lu, Tianyi
Bonafede, Machaon
Araujo, Andre B.
Wilson, Amanda
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Moderna, Inc.
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
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: Amanda Wilson, Andre B. Araujo, Keya Joshi, Nevena Vicic, Tianyi Lu, and Zhe Zheng are employees and stockholders of Moderna, Inc. Alina Bogdanov, Machaon Bonafede, Ni Zeng, and Taylor Ryan are employees of Veradigm Inc. Veradigm was contracted by Moderna and received fees for study design, data management, and statistical analyses.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines for observational studies. The research involved de-identified claims data and did not require direct patient involvement. Therefore, specific ethics approval and informed consent were not needed, as the data were anonymized and complied with patient privacy regulations. Access to the data was provided under agreements with the data provider, which ensured adherence to ethical standards, including the protection of patient confidentiality.
