López López, Aida https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-9265
Alonso Domínguez, Jacobo https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2702-9970
Martínez Barros, Inés
Pérez González, Alexandre
Ocampo, Antonio
Morano, Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-3260
Calderón Cruz, Beatriz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-9667
Martínez López de Castro, Noemí
Bisbal Pardo, Otilia
Pérez-Olmeda, Mayte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-5423
Sánchez-Villegas, Jorge
Asensi, Víctor
Montero-Alonso, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-5394
Rodríguez-Rosado Martínez-Echevarrí, Rafael
Poveda, Eva https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-9875
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (P19/00747)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI22/01341)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CM22/00243)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI23/00006)
Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Aida López López has received support from Gilead to attend the 2024 Spanish National HIV Congress (GeSIDA). Alexandre Pérez González has received fees from Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare outside the submitted work, and support from Gilead Sciences to attend the 2023 Spanish National HIV Congress (GeSIDA). Otilia Bisbal Pardo has received speaker honoraria from Gilead, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD, and has received congress funding from Gilead. Jacobo Alonso Domínguez, Inés Martínez Barros, Antonio Ocampo, Luis Morano, Beatriz Calderón Cruz, Noemí Martínez López de Castro, Mayte Pérez-Olmeda, Jorge Sánchez-Villegas, Víctor Asensi, Marta Montero-Alonso, Rafael Rodríguez-Rosado Martínez-Echevarría, and Eva Poveda have nothing to disclose.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and all applicable regulatory requirements. The study protocol for the discovery cohort was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Galicia (CEIm-G; Ref: 2024/315). The CoRIS cohort was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Gregorio Marañón Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. Biobank samples and associated data were processed following standardized governance procedures and in full compliance with national legislation on biomedical research and personal data protection. All datasets were pseudonymized before analysis, ensuring the protection of participant confidentiality and data integrity.