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Authors
AlKaabi, Nawal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-4158
Abukhattab, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3335-0563
Al-Ahmad, Mona https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-5363
Albaksami, Osama A. A. S. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3042-915X
Al Dallal, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7623-5402
Alqahtani, Manaf M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-0429
Alsayyad, Adel Salman
Subhi, Ahmad
Al Hashami, Hilal
Bin Adi, Jamila
Alghimlas, Fahad A. A. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3797-5719
Alwazan, Batoul https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0424-6773
Mahboub, Bassam
Adel, Anas
Ozudogru, Onur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-466X
Al Awaidy, Salah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5112-3893
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
GSK
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
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: Nawal AlKaabi, Mohamed Abdullah Juma Abu Khattab, Sara Al Dallal, Manaf M. Alqahtani, Adel Salman Alsayyad, Ahmad Subhi, Hilal Al Hashami, Jamila Bin Adi, Fahad A. A. Alghimlas, Bassam Mahboub, and Salah Al Awaidy declare no competing interests. Osama A. A. S. Albaksami reports receiving payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speaker’s bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead, MSD, and ViiV; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Alhikma, Gilead, and ViiV. Batoul Alwazan reports receiving consultancy fees from GSK. Mona Al-Ahmad reports lecture and advisory board honoraria from AstraZeneca, GSK, Novartis, and Sanofi; research grants from Kuwait University and the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca, GSK, Novartis, and Sanofi. She is also the President of the Kuwait Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Anas Adel is an employee of GSK. Onur Ozudogru is an employee of GSK and holds financial equities in the company.
: As no human participants were involved in this study, and no new or identifiable data were collected, ethics approval from an institutional review board or ethics committee was not required. All participating members of the expert panel are listed as authors in this manuscript, and each contributed to the development, review, and approval of the final content. Participation in the consensus process was voluntary, and all experts agreed to the use of their anonymized survey responses for the purposes of guideline development and publication.
