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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 7 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ruth Gil Prieto and Angel Gil de Miguel have received travel and research grants and have participated on advisory boards from Sanofi, Merck, Pfizer, Seqirus, and Moderna. Oscar Brochado Kith has no conflicts of interest.

: This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964. The Rey Juan Carlos University Ethics Committee determined that neither ethical approval nor consent to participate were required for this study. The data are anonymized and are publicly accessible via the Spanish National Health System upon reasonable request.