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Authors
Appaneal, Haley J.
Lopes, Vrishali V.
Puzniak, Laura
Allen, Kristen E.
Zasowski, Evan J.
Caffrey, Aisling R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-027X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
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: Haley J. Appaneal has received research funding from Pfizer and Merck. Vrishali V. Lopes has no competing interest to declare. Laura Puzniak, Kristen Allen and Evan J. Zasowski are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. Aisling R. Caffrey has received research funding from Pfizer.
: Our study complies with all relevant ethical regulations and was determined to be exempt by the VA Providence Healthcare System (VAPHS) Institutional Review Board (IRB) and approved by the VAPHS Research and Development Committee. As this was a retrospective study of existing health records and exempt from IRB review, informed consent requirements are not applicable.
