Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 December 2025

Accepted: 10 April 2026

First Online: 8 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Ji Young Jeong was employed by AbbVie at the time of initiation of the manuscript, and contributed to the study conception and design, as well as reviewed and commented on the manuscript. Jeong Heo has received grant support from Gilead and Roche; consultant fees from Roche; lecture fees from AbbVie Korea, Roche, Yuhan Korea, Oncolys, and Gilead; and is a member of an AstraZeneca steering committee. Jin-Woo Lee, Sang Hoon Ahn, Jeong Gil Park, Jae Youn Jeong, Ki Tae Yoon, Won Young Tak, Yang Hyun Baek, Su Jong Yu, Myeong Jun Song, and Yeon Seok Seo declare no conflicts of interest.

: The study protocol was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, approved by Institutional Review Board at each site (IRB names [IRB numbers]): IRB of Inha University Hospital [PMS2019-001], Severance Hospital Yonsei university health system Institutional Review Board [4–2018-0824], Yeungnam University Hospital Institutional Review Board [PMS2018-030], Ajou University Hospital Institutional Review Board [MED-PMS-18–362], Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Institutional Review Board [06–2019-014], Kyungpook national University Hospital Institutional Review Board [PMS2018-015], Dong-a University hospital Institutional Review Board [DAUHIRB-18–185], Seoul National University Hospital Institutional Review Board [1901–121-1005], The Catholic University of Korea Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital Institutional Review Board [DC19MODP0083], Korea University Anam Hospital IRB [2019AN0017], and Institutional Review Board Pusan National University Hospital [H-1809–005-084]; Supplementary Table 1, and in compliance with Korean regulatory laws. All patients provided written, informed consent prior to being enrolled in the study.