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Authors
Ngiam, Jinghao Nicholas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3339-7281
Loy, Enoch Xueheng
Koh, Matthew Chung Yi
Chiew, Calvin J.
Li, Russell Jingxian
Lim, Su Chi
Tai, E Shyong
Bee, Yong Mong
Chow, Wai Leng
Lye, David Chien Boon
Chia, Yew Woon
Chan, Mark Yan Yee
Hausenloy, Derek J.
Tan, Kelvin Bryan
Wee, Liang En
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Article History
Received: 6 April 2026
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
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: All authors [Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam, Enoch Xueheng Loy, Matthew Chung Yi Koh, Calvin J Chiew, Russell Jingxian Li, Su Chi Lim, E Shyong Tai, Yong Mong Bee, Wai Leng Chow, David Chien Boon Lye, Yew Woon Chia, Mark Yan Yee Chan, Derek J Hausenloy, Kelvin Bryan Tan, Liang En Wee] report no conflicts of interest.
: This study was conducted as part of national public health surveillance under the Singapore Infectious Diseases Act, and separate ethics approval by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) was not required. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments.
