Document is current

Article History

Received: 9 April 2026

Accepted: 6 May 2026

First Online: 23 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Alberto Foncillas has received honoraria for lectures and/or AB from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences and J&J outside the submitted work. Lorena De La Mora has received honoraria for lectures and/or AB from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences and J&J outside the submitted work. Júlia Calvo has received honoraria for lectures or AB and traveling support from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen outside the submitted work. Abiu Sempere has received honoraria for lectures and/or research grants and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD outside the submitted work. Maria Martínez-Rebollar has received honoraria for lectures or AB from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and J&J and has received honoraria for leadership role from Gilead Sciences and traveling support from Gilead Sciences outside the submitted work. Berta Torres has received honoraria for lectures, AB and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, GSK, MSD, and J&J and traveling support from Gilead Sciences outside the submitted work. Ana González-Cordón has received honoraria for lectures or AB, consulting fees, and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and ViiV Healthcare and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, J&J, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD outside the submitted work. Jose Luís Blanco has received honoraria for lectures or AB and/or research grants and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD outside the submitted work. José. M. Miró has received consulting honoraria and/or research grants from Angelini, Basilea, Contrafect, Cubist, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and ViiV Healthcare outside the submitted work. Esteban Martínez has received honoraria for lectures or AB and/or research grants from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and MSD outside the submitted work, and has held unpaid leadership roles as past president of EACS and as president of NEAT ID. Montserrat Laguno has received research funding from ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences, has participated in AB for J&J, and has received personal compensation for presentations from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, MSD, and J&J and traveling support from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. Juan Ambrosioni has received research funding from ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences, has participated in AB for ViiV, Gilead Sciences, MSD and J&J; has received personal compensation for presentations from ViiV, Gilead Sciences, MSD and J&J; and has participated in DSMB for HIPRA and Grifols. All other authors (Leire Berrocal, Elisa de Lazzari, Ivan Chivite, Alexy Inciarte, and Josep Mallolas) report no potential conflict of interest.

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (protocol no. HCB/2025/0752). Given the retrospective nature of the study, its potential utility for society, and in accordance with the relevant legislation (Articles 6.1.e and 9.2j of the General Data Protection Regulation [GDPR], as well as Additional Disposition 17.2.d of LOPD-GDD 3/2018), the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona waived the requirement for written informed consent.