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Authors
Lin, Luo-Wei
Chuang, Yu-Chung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-8276
Yang, Jia-Ling
Lin, Chi-Ying
Huang, Sung-Hsi
Wang, Jann-Tay
Chen, Yee-Chun
Chang, Shan-Chwen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (113-2314-B-002-126-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (114-2314-B-002-217-MY3)
Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW113-TDU-B-211-114006)
National Taiwan University Hospital (114-SS0012)
National Taiwan University Hospital (115-SS0026)
National Taiwan University Hospital (115-TMU112)
National Taiwan University Hospital (CTC115(MQ999))
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Article History
Received: 28 February 2026
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Declarations
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: Luo-Wei Lin, Yu-Chung Chuang, Jia-Ling Yang, Chi-Ying Lin, Sung-Hsi Huang, Jann-Tay Wang, Yee-Chun Chen, and Shan-Chwen Chang declare that they have no conflict of interest relevant to the content of this article.
: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH-REC No. 202601207RIND). The requirement for informed consent was waived by NTUH-REC given its retrospective analysis design, importance of populational values, and minimal risks to participants.
