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Authors
Hu, Tianyan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2660-8871
Lupton, Laura L. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3219-8815
Yehoshua, Alon https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2920-916X
Cappelleri, Joseph C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-0748
Gavaghan, Meghan B. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4155-6745
Welch, Verna L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1316-5395
Lopez, Santiago M. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-1707
Brathwaite, Rachel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9363-3581
Di Fusco, Manuela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0079-7331
Sun, Xiaowu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-4207
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer
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Article History
Received: 26 April 2026
Accepted: 23 June 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Conflict of Interest: Tianyan Hu, Alon Yehoshua, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Meghan B. Gavaghan, Verna L. Welch, Santiago M.C. Lopez, and Manuela Di Fusco, are employees of Pfizer and may hold stock or stock options of Pfizer. Laura L. Lupton, Rachel Brathwaite, and Xiaowu Sun are employees of CVS Health ® Corporation, which received funding from Pfizer in connection with the development of this manuscript and hold stock of CVS Health ® Corporation.
Ethical Approval: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol, amendments and informed consent documents were reviewed and approved by the Sterling Institutional Review Board (Sterling IRB), an independent ethics committee based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Protocol #C4591034). The study complied with regulatory requirements, and followed International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Good Practices for Outcomes Research [ ], and Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practice [ ]. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. Consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study electronically via the study’s E-Consent platform. Participants were informed that their deidentified survey responses would be used for research purposes and may be published and of their right to refuse or withdraw from the study at any time. Participants were compensated for their time.
