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Article History

Received: 27 March 2025

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 15 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Michael A. Überall is the director of the private Institute for Neurosciences and the Center of Excellence for Health Services Research in Nuremberg, honorary vice president of the German Pain Association, and president of the German Pain League. In the past 5 years, Michael A. Überall has received lecture and consulting fees as well as expense reimbursements for associated travel activities from Grünenthal. Christian Simanski: During the last 5 years, Christian Simanski received speaker and consultancy fees from Grünenthal. A professor at the Chair of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery at the private University of Witten/Herdecke, Campus Cologne-Merheim. Took part in expert and consulting activities for the German Statutory Accident Insurance (DGUV) and all affiliated professional associations. Took part in expert activity for the District Court of Essen and Cologne. Mike Zellnig: Fees and reimbursement of travel and congress costs in the last 3 years received from Grünenthal, Deutsche Schmerzgesellschaft, BG RCI, VBG, BGW, BG Bau, BG Verkehr, BGHW, Hochschule der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, and HDI Versicherung. Mariëlle Eerdekens, Sylvia Engelen, Myriam Heine, Fabienne Percot, Rita Freitas, Lucia Garcia Guerra, and Tamara Quandel are employees of Grünenthal GmbH, Germany, or its affiliates.

: This retrospective, non-interventional study used fully anonymized data from the GPeR registry. Ethical committee approval was not required, as no identifiable information was analyzed, and no study-specific interventions took place. The study concept and data use were endorsed by the steering committees of the German Pain Association and the German Pain League. Permission to use the data was granted to O.Meany-MDPM GmbH under formal contractual agreement, and all participating physicians and patients had provided prior written informed consent.