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Authors
Odonkor, Charles A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-4015
Dodurgali, Mustafa Reha
Lartigue, Schan
Siddique, Uzair
Gutierrez, David E.
Yeung, Jacky
Bohacek, Siri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-3350
Kaye, Alan D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-0187
Whang, Peter G.
Abd-Elsayed, Alaa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-7860
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Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
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: David Gutierrez is a consultant for Boston Scientific and SPR Pain Relief outside the submitted work. Charles Odonkor and Peter Whang consult for Boston Scientific, outside the submitted work. Alaa Abd-Elsayed is a consultant for SPR Pain Relief, outside the submitted work. Mustafa Dodurgali, Schan Lartigue, Uzair Siddique, Jacky Yeung, Siri Bohacek, have no conflicts of interest, sources of funding, or financial ties to report pertinent to the submitted work. Alan Kaye and Alaa Abd-Elsayed are Editorial Board members of Pain and Therapy . Alan Kaye and Alaa Abd-Elsayed were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.
: This study received ethics approval from the Yale institutional review board (IRB protocol #2000039802). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
