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Authors
Abd-Elsayed, Alaa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-7860
Reilly, Madelyn J.
Hashimoto, Nina
Xu, Mohan
Shiferaw, Barnabas T.
Henjum, Lukas J.
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Article History
Received: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: Alaa Abd-Elsayed is an Editorial Board member of Pain and Therapy. Alaa Abd-Elsayed was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Madelyn J. Reilly, Nina Hashimoto, Mohan Xu, Lukas J. Henjum, and Barnabas T. Shiferaw have nothing to disclose.
: An Institutional Review Board (IRB) application was submitted to the University of Wisconsin IRB, and a minimal risk research exemption was granted on the basis of the study’s retrospective nature and lack of contact with the subjects in the study. Compliance with patient confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (IRB) and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
