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Authors
Guastella, Virginie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-8887
Gueganno, Emeline
Bertin, Célian
Balayssac, David
Pereira, Bruno
Authier, Nicolas
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Article History
Received: 4 October 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: Virginie Guastella: consulting activities (Leurquin Mediolanum, Ethypharm, Grünenthal) and conferences (Ethypharm, Grünenthal). Emeline Gueganno: has nothing to disclose. Célian Bertin: has nothing to disclose David Balayssac: conferences (Grünenthal). Bruno Pereira: has nothing to disclose. Nicolas Authier: consulting activities (UPSA, Ethypharm) and conferences (Viatris, Camurus, Bouchara Recordati, Indivior) for the benefit of the Analgesia Foundation.
: The study was approved by a local ethics committee (IRB00013412, “CHU de Clermont-Ferrand IRB #1,” approval number 2023-CF090) and complied with French data protection regulations.
