Attar, Ahmed
Aladdin, Yasser
Hakami, Alqassem
Alqsair, Abdalmajed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4020-0986
Baeisa, Sulaiman
Alzahrani, Ahmed
Alsimsimi, Ahmed
Alzebaidi, Sarah
Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Change Date: 17 February 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised to update the affiliations for author Ahmed Attar.
Declarations
:
: All authors (Ahmed Attar, Yasser Aladdin, Alqassem Hakami, Abdalmajed Alqsair, Sulaiman Baeisa, Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alsimsimi and Sarah Alzebaidi) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
: This study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (reference number H-01-R-005). The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. An informed consent was given to each patient prior to participating in the study. Confidentiality was maintained by anonymizing patient data and replacing all identifiers with coded serial numbers.