Updates are available Correction dated 2026-04-28

Article History

Received: 26 September 2025

Accepted: 8 December 2025

First Online: 8 January 2026

Change Date: 29 April 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Correct the sentence beginning ‘Signals for the (7, 9) and (6, 8) recording configurations…’.

Change Date: 28 April 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-026-00838-7

Declarations

:

: Daniel J. Parker, Darayus Nanavati, and Dean M. Karantonis report being employees of Saluda Medical. Ajay B. Antony serves as a consultant/speaker for Boston Scientific, Abbott, PainTEQ, Saluda Medical, Companion Spine, Stryker, and IZI Medical; he has received research support from Abbott, Boston Scientific, PainTEQ, Saluda, Vivex and Brixton. Marc A. Russo reports consultancies to Boston Scientific, Nevro, and Saluda Medical; research activities (paid to research institution) for Medtronic, Presidio Medical, and Saluda Medical; equity holdings in SPR Therapeutics; and options in Saluda Medical and Presidio Medical. Gregory L. Smith is a consultant for Saluda Medical and SPR Therapeutics. Johnathan H. Goree is a consultant for Saluda Medical, Abbott, and Stratus Medical and the recipient of research support paid to the institution by SPR Therapeutics and Mainstay Medical. Chau M. Vu is a consultant for Saluda Medical and PainTEQ. Erika A. Petersen has received research support from Mainstay, Medtronic, Neuros Medical, Nevro Corp, ReNeuron, SPR, and Saluda Medical outside the submitted work, as well as personal fees from Abbott Neuromodulation, Biotronik, Medtronic Neuromodulation, Nalu, Neuros Medical, Nevro, Presidio Medical, Saluda Medical, and Vertos outside the submitted work. She holds stock options from SynerFuse and neuro42. There are no other relationships that might lead to a conflict of interest in the current study. Paul Verrills is a consultant for Saluda Medical, Presidio Medical, and Vivex Biologics. Christopher Gilmore reports clinical trial funding from Saluda Medical during the conduct of the study; reports personal fees and other from SPR, and personal fees from Nevro, Nalu, Biotronik, and Boston Scientific outside the submitted work. Leonardo Kapural is a consultant for Saluda Medical, Biotronik and Teladoc, reports receiving research grants from Nevro, Nalu, Neuros, Saluda Medical, and Presidio, and is an owner of the Chronic Pain Research Institute. Jason E. Pope reports research and consulting fees from Saluda Medical during the conduct of the study; consultancy for Abbott, Medtronic, Saluda Medical, Flowonix, SpineThera, Vertos, Vertiflex, SPR Therapeutics, Tersera, Aurora, Spark, Ethos, Biotronik, Mainstay, WISE, Boston Scientific, and Thermaquil outside the submitted work; has received grant and research support from: Abbott, Flowonix, Aurora, Painteq, Ethos, Muse, Boston Scientific, SPR Therapeutics, Mainstay, Vertos, AIS, and Thermaquil outside the submitted work; and is a minority shareholder of Vertos, Stimgenics, SPR Therapeutics, Saluda Medical, Painteq, Aurora, Spark, Celeri Health, Neural Integrative Solutions, Pacific Research Institute, Thermaquil, Abbott and Anesthetic Gas Reclamation.

: Each study was designed, implemented and reported in accordance with the ICH Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice, with applicable local regulations, and with the ethical principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for each study was granted by the Ethics Committee and/or Institutional Review Board (IRB) for Freshwater (NCT04662905) and Rosella (NCT06057480) studies. All patients provided written (signed) informed consent prior to participation in each study.