Document is current

Article History

Received: 18 September 2025

Accepted: 22 January 2026

First Online: 12 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Andrew M. Blumenfeld has served on advisory boards for, consulted for, and/or been a speaker or contributing author for AbbVie, Aeon, Alder, Allergan, Amgen, Axon, Axsome, Bausch Health, Biohaven, Equinox, Ipsen, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Revance, Teva, Theranica, and Zosano. He has received grant support from AbbVie, Amgen, and Lundbeck. He owns stock options for Aeon, Axon, and Haven. He is an Editorial Board member of Pain and Therapy ; he was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Christopher Rhyne has no conflicts to disclose. Kenneth Martinez has received personal compensation for serving as a consultant for Merz and Revance. The institution of KM has received compensation for him serving as a consultant for Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen/Novartis, and Biohaven and on a speakers bureau for AbbVie and Merz. The institution of Kenneth Martinez has received research support from AbbVie, Boston Scientific, and Medtronic. Atul Patel is a consultant for AbbVie, Ipsen, and Revance; a speaker for AbbVie and Ipsen; and has received research grant support from AbbVie and Ipsen. Kim Becker Ifantides, Ritu Singh, Irina Yushmanova, and Simona Battucci are employees of AbbVie and may hold AbbVie stock. Marc Schwartz has served as a biostatistical consultant for Allergan, an AbbVie company. Grace Forde has received compensation from AbbVie for serving as a speaker.

: The SYNCHRONIZE study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki principles consistent with good clinical practice and all applicable regulatory requirements. Informed consent was not required because no identifiable patient information was obtained. All study-related documents were approved by independent ethics committees and IRBs at each of the following sites in the USA: EvergreenHealth Multiple Sclerosis Center Kirkland, Kirkland, WA (approved June 21, 2021); Lucetta, LLC/Grace Forde, Lake Success, NY (approved January 26, 2022); Swedish Neuroscience Institute MS Center, Seattle, WA (approved April 19, 2022); Kansas Institute of Research, Overland Park, KS (approved January 23, 2022); Neuroscience Group, Neenah, WI (approved February 3, 2022); Neurology and Pain Specialty Center, Aliso Viejo, CA (approved January 27, 2022); Diamond Headache Clinic Chicago, IL (approved January 21, 2022); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (approved January 1, 2022); NYU Langone Health, New York, NY (approved February 19, 2022); and Rancho Research Institute, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (approved February 27, 2022).