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Authors
Abd-Elsayed, Alaa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-7860
Reilly, Madelyn J. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8828-7740
Hashimoto, Nina
Ruprecht, Kylie K.
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Article History
Received: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: Alaa Abd-Elsayed is an Editorial Board Member of Pain and Therapy . Alaa Abd-Elsayed was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Alaa Abd-Elsayed is also a consultant for Medtronic, Curonix, Avanos, and Averitas. Madelyn Reilly, Nina Hashimoto, and Kylie Ruprecht have no disclosures to report.
: An Institutional Review Board (IRB) minimal risk research exemption was granted by the University of Wisconsin Madison on the basis of the study’s retrospective nature and lack of contact with the subjects in the study. Compliance with patient confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (IRB) and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
