Dost, Burhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-1172
Kaya, Cengiz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-6194
Turunc, Esra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-7403
Karapinar, Yunus Emre https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-8756
Narayanan, Madan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-3395
Koneti, Kiran https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8594-7979
Bugada, Dario https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8363-6674
De Cassai, Alessandro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9773-1832
Sakul, Bayram Ufuk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5539-2342
Mariano, Edward R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2735-248X
Elsharkawy, Hesham https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-1404
Article History
Received: 1 April 2026
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
:
: Hesham Elsharkawy consultant for SPR Therapeutics and Curonix; holds stock options in Neuronoff. Supported by the Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Cleveland, which is funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Science, and Clinical and Translational Science Award grant, UL1TR002548. None of these relationships are related to this work. Other authors declare no competing interests. Dario Bugada received honoraria for lectures from Aguettant. Burhan Dost is an Editorial Board member of Pain and Therapy . Burhan Dost was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Cengiz Kaya, Esra Turunc, Yunus Emre Karapinar, Madan Narayanan, Kiran Koneti, Alessandro De Cassai, Bayram Ufuk Sakul, and Edward R Mariano have nothing to disclose.
: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.