Karpecki, Paul M.
Findley, Amy http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-6956
Sloesen, Brigitte J.
Hodson, Nicola http://orcid.org/0009-0004-5975-8032
Bentley, Sarah http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9914-8934
Arbuckle, Rob http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-2523
O’Brien, Paul
Montecchi-Palmer, Michela
Naujoks, Christel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-6521
Hamrah, Pedram
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novartis Pharma AG
Article History
Received: 8 November 2023
Accepted: 21 November 2023
First Online: 6 January 2024
Declarations
:
: Paul Karpecki is an employee of Kentucky Eye Institute and the University of Pikeville Kentucky College of Optometry, Kentucky, USA. Brigitte J. Sloesen and Christel Naujoks are employees of Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. Paul O’Brien was an employee of Novartis Ireland Ltd. at the time of performing the research and preparing the manuscript, and is currently an employee of ViiV Healthcare. Michela Montecchi-Palmer was an employee of Novartis Pharma AG at the time of performing the research and preparing the manuscript, and is currently an employee of Alcon. Nicola Hodson, Sarah Bentley, and Rob Arbuckle are employees of Adelphi Values, a health outcomes agency commissioned by Novartis Pharma AG to conduct this research. Amy Findley was an employee of Adelphi Values at the time the work was performed, and is now an employee of Novo Nordisk. Pedram Hamrah is an employee of the Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.
: Ethical approval and oversight were provided by Western Copernicus Group Independent Review Board (WCG IRB, reference: 1284816), a centralized IRB, to conduct qualitative interviews and daily diary app task activity in the USA. All participants provided oral and written informed consent prior to the conduct of any research activities. The research was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, and its later amendments.