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Article History

Received: 19 November 2024

Accepted: 29 January 2025

First Online: 26 February 2025

Declarations

:

: Seenu M. Hariprasad is a consultant or on the speakers' bureau for Bayer, Allergan/AbbVie, Coherus, Astellas/Iveric Bio, Alimera Sciences, Biogen, Harrow and Regeneron. Frank G. Holz reports research grants and consulting fees from Acucela, Allergan, Apellis, Bayer, Bioeq/Formycon, Roche/Genentech, Geuder, Heidelberg Engineering, Astellas/ivericBio, Pixium Vision, Novartis, Zeiss; consulting fees from Alexion, Alzheon, Annexon, Astellas, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Grayburg Vision, Janssen, LinBioscience, Stealth BioTherapeutics, Aerie, Oxurion. Carl V. Asche has no conflicts of interest. Amine Issa, Oriol Mora and Mourad F. Rezk are employees of Biogen International GmbH and may hold stock in Biogen. Simon Keady and Phil Sarocco are former employees of Biogen. Their new affiliations are: Phil Sarocco, Halozyme, Inc., employee and shareholder; Simon Keady, Galderma (UK) Ltd, employee. Steven Simoens is one of the founders of the KU Leuven Fund on Market Analysis of Biologics and Biosimilars following Loss of Exclusivity (MABEL). He was involved in a stakeholder roundtable on biologics and biosimilars sponsored by Amgen, Pfizer and MSD; he has participated in advisory board meetings for Pfizer, Organon and Amgen; he has contributed to studies on biologics and biosimilars for Hospira, Celltrion, Mundipharma and Pfizer; and he has had speaking engagements for Abbott, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion and Sandoz.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.