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Article History

Received: 21 February 2025

Accepted: 31 March 2025

First Online: 18 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The author(s) declare the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Federico Beretta, Ilaria Zucchiatti, Federico Fantaguzzi, and Stefano Lingardo declare that they have no competing interests. Riccardo Sacconi is a consultant for AbbVie, Bayer Shering-Pharma, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Hoffmann-La-Roche, and Novartis. Francesco Bandello is a consultant for AbbVie, Alcon, Alimera Sciences, Farmila-Thea, Bayer Shering-Pharma, Bausch and Lomb, Genentech, Hoffmann-La-Roche, NovagaliPharma, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Thrombogenics, and Zeiss. Giuseppe Querques is a consultant for AbbVie, Alimera Sciences, Amgen, Heidelberg Engineering, KBH, LEH Pharma, Lumithera, Novartis, Bayer Shering-Pharma, Sandoz, Sifi, Soof-Fidia, and Zeiss. Giuseppe Querques and Riccardo Sacconi are Editorial Board members of Ophthalmology and Therapy. Giuseppe Querques and Riccardo Sacconi were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: This is a retrospective, observational, longitudinal investigation. This study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later ammendments. Ethical approval was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and because all of the procedures are part of routine clinical care. As no additional interventions were performed and all data were anonymized, informed consent was not required according to local regulations. No identifying information is included in the manuscript.