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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202211260284)
the Special Plan for the Central Government to Guide the Development of Local Science and Technology (21-1-3-1-zyyd-nsh)
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Declarations
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: Feijia Xie, Xukai Mao, Mingming Jiang, Jun Li and Jing Zhang have nothing to disclose.
: This research was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethical approval was obtained before the study started from the ethics committee of Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (ChiCTR2300071617). Participants were recruited at the Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Written consent forms were signed by all participants after the study’s purpose and procedures were fully explained.
