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Authors
Chen, Qing
Ni, Shouxiang
Yan, Haijing
Zheng, Qinxiang
Ren, Yueping
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Article History
Received: 28 June 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Declarations
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: All authors (Qing Chen, Shouxiang Ni, Haijing Yan, Qinxiang Zheng, Yueping Ren) have nothing to disclose. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests related to the subject matter.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. As the MAUDE data are de-identified and publicly available, this study did not constitute human subjects research and was exempt from institutional review board (IRB) approval.
