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Authors
Xu, Yufeng
Kang, Daohuan
Shi, Danli
Tham, Yih Chung
Grzybowski, Andrzej
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation of China ((82201195))
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: Yufeng Xu, Daohuan Kang, Danli Shi, Yih Chung Tham, Andrzej Grzybowski, and Kai Jin have no conflicts of interest or competing interests to disclose. Andrzej Grzybowski is a Section Editor of Ophthalmology and Therapy. Andrzej Grzybowski was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.
: This retrospective study was approved by the ethics committee (Approval No. Y2023–1073), and the requirement for informed consent was waived due to its retrospective nature. All data provided to GPT-4o were anonymized, ensuring that no patient-identifying information was included. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments. No identifiable participant information was included in the study, and thus, specific participant consent for publication was not required.
