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Article History

Received: 14 October 2025

Accepted: 13 November 2025

First Online: 4 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Neslihan D. Koseoglu has nothing to disclose and is now affiliated with the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of South Florida; Luiz L. Lamazales has nothing to disclose; Stephanie M. Cox has nothing to disclose and is now employed by Alcon Research, LLC, Johns Creek, GA, USA; Ana Balbuena-Pareja has nothing to disclose and is now affiliated with the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of South Florida; Onur Olcucu has nothing to disclose and is now affiliated with the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of South Florida; Pedram Hamrah is now affiliated with the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of South Florida. He is a consultant with Brill Engines. He is also an Editorial Board member of Ophthalmology and Therapy . Pedram Hamrah was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study that adhered to the tenets of declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments and was approved by the Tufts Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB number 12406). Records of patients, seen at the New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center between August 2023 and February 2024, were reviewed. As a result of its retrospective nature, consenting was not applicable for this study.