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Authors
Li, Xiaoli
Lin, Hongbin
Fan, Guangzhong
Yan, Zonghui
Zhou, Wentian
Zhu, Feng
Su, Xiaoqin
Liu, Yi
Ling, Ling
Li, Yongjin
Liao, Chao
Qiu, Zhen
Tan, Mingkui
Liu, Quan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2051
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072190, 31671000)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: Xiaoli Li, Hongbin Lin, Guangzhong Fan, Zonghui Yan, Wentian Zhou, Feng Zhu, Xiaoqin Su, Yi Liu, Ling Ling, Yongjin Li, Chao Liao, Zhen Qiu, Mingkui Tan and Quan Liu have nothing to disclose.
: This retrospective study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received prior approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of each participating center: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (2021KYPJ209), Kunming Bright Eye Hospital (2022KYPJ102), Shenzhen Eye Hospital (2022KYPJ123), Hefei Bright Eye Hospital (PURUI-2022003), and Nanchang Bright Eye Hospital (2022KYPJ001). Given the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by each center’s IRB, as all data were analyzed anonymously.
