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Authors
Li, Siyan
Wang, Dandan
Chu, Qin
Feng, Ke
Wu, Jiaying
Zhao, Yinying
Mo, Er
Li, Hongzhe
Chang, Pingjun
Zhao, Yun-e https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-8053
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LQ24H120004)
Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality (Y2023174)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371042)
Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (2024KY1292)
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: Siyan Li, Dandan Wang, Qin Chu, Ke Feng, Jiaying Wu, Yinying Zhao, Er Mo, Hongzhe Li, Pingjun Chang, and Yun-e Zhao have no financial or other conflicts of interest to disclose. Ke Feng’s current affiliation is the Department of Ophthalmology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
: This study was performed in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (H2025-027-K-26). As the study utilized data obtained from routine clinical practice and did not involve any interventions, human biological specimens, or sensitive personal information, individual informed consent was waived in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines of the Ethics Committee of the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.
