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Authors
Grimaldi, Gabriela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-7867
Bartolomeo, Nicolò
Garweg, Justus G.
Pfister, Isabel B.
Schild, Christin
Peyla, Arianna
Tillmann, Anne
De Oliveira Figueiredo, Eva Cristina
Spitznagel, Tahm
Kitay, Alice M.
Gabathuler, Felix
Zweifel, Sandrine
Kurz-Levin, Malaika Mihal
Ebneter, Andreas
Somfai, Gábor Márk
Eandi, Chiara M.
Munk, Marion R.
Ambresin, Aude
Menghini, Moreno
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: Gabriela Grimaldi: consultant for Apellis, Bayer, and Roche. Lecturer for AbbVie, Apellis, Bayer, and Roche. Grant support from Bayer and Roche. Justus G. Garweg: advisor and speaker for several pharmaceutical companies. Contributes to several international industry-sponsored clinical studies in the fields of retinal disease and uveitis (AbbVie, Bayer, Novartis, Roche, Amgen, MS Pharma). This manuscript is independent of these activities. Sandrine Zweifel: consultant and advisor for Alcon, Allergan, Apellis, Bayer, Endogena, Novartis, Roche, and Zeiss, and grant support from Bayer, Novartis, and Roche, outside the submitted work. Andreas Ebneter: Advisor for Bayer Schweiz AG, Apellis Inc. and Roche Schweiz AG. He is a former employee of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Gábor M. Somfai: consultant for Apellis, Allergan, Bayer, Carl Zeiss, and Roche. Chiara M. Eandi: advisory board participant and lecturer for AbbVie, Apellis, Astellas, Bayer, and Roche. Marion R. Munk: consultant for Abbvie, Allergan, Acucela, Aviceda Therapeutics, Alimera, Bayer, Lumithera, OD-OS, Isarna Therapeutics, Roche, Novartis, Oculis, Ocuterra, genesight Therapeutics, Kubota, Böhringer-Ingelheim, Eyepoint, Ocular Therapeutix, Apellis, Astellas, Zeiss, RetinAI, and Dandelion. Aude Ambresin: consultant for Bayer, Novartis, Roche, Apellis, and Earlysight; lecturer fees from Optovue, AbbVie, Novartis, Bayer, Roche, Apellis, Astellas, and RetinAi. Moreno Menghini: consultant for Alcon, Apellis, Astellas, Bayer, and Roche. Lecturer for Bayer and Roche. Grant support from Bayer and Roche. Nicolò Bartolomeo, Isabel B. Pfister, Christin Schild, Arianna Peyla, Anne Tillmann, Eva Cristina De Oliveira Figueiredo, Tahm Spitznagel, Alice M. Kitay, Felix Gabathuler, and Malaika Mihal Kurz-Levin have nothing to disclose.
: The study was approved by all participating ethics committees, led by the ethics committee of the canton of Berne (registration no. 2024-01026). Coded patient data were included on the basis of general or specific informed consent, in line with ICH-GCP E6, the Declaration of Helsinki, and Swiss law.
