Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (L234016)
Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Zhen Yang, Weijia Zhang, Jing Hong, and Chun Zhang declare that they have no conflicts of interest and no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Peking University Third Hospital (Approval number IRB00006761-M2021191) and the research adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the use of de-identified retrospective data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the ethics committee. All patient data were kept confidential and used solely for the purposes of this research.