Document is current

Article History

Received: 18 July 2025

Accepted: 6 January 2026

First Online: 14 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Melissa Toyos reports serving as a consultant to Bausch + Lomb, Eyevance, Iridex, Mallinckrodt, Shire, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., and Zeiss; serving on the speakers’ bureau for Bausch + Lomb, Iridex, Lumenis, Mallinckrodt, Shire, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., and Zeiss; receiving research support from Bausch + Lomb, DigiSight, Dompé farmaceutici, Iridex, Kala Pharmaceuticals, Lumenis, Magellan, Mallinckrodt, MIXTO Lasering, Ocular Technologies, Oculus, Opternative, RevitaLid, Shire, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, and Zeiss; and receiving miscellaneous fees from MIXTO Lasering. Clara C. Chan reports serving on advisory boards, speakers bureaus, or as a consultant for AbbVie, Aurion Biotech, Bausch + Lomb, Johnson & Johnson, Kala Ophthalmics, Labtician Ophthalmics, Novartis, Santen Pharmaceutical, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Théa Pharma, and Valeo Pharma; and receiving research funding from Aurion Biotech, Claris Bio, and CorNeat. Jorge L. Alio is an Editorial Board member of Ophthalmology and Therapy . Jorge L. Alio was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Kelvin Kam Lung Chong reports nothing to disclose. Don Pek reports serving as a consultant and advisor to Allergan, Bausch + Lomb, and Johnson & Johnson Vision. Serge Doan reports serving as a consultant to Alcon, Bausch + Lomb, Horus, Santen, and Théa Pharma. Mazen Sinjab reports nothing to disclose. Mohamed Hosny reports being a consultant to Alcon, Bausch + Lomb, Biotech Healthcare, BVI, iVis Technologies, Mediworks, and Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems. Elisabeth M. Messmer reports serving as a consultant to Alfa Intes Industria Terapeutica Splendore, DMG, Kala Ophthalmics, Sanofi, Shire, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, SIFI, and Viatris; serving as a speaker for Bausch + Lomb and GSK; serving as a consultant and speaker for Alcon/Novartis, Dompé farmaceutici, Novaliq, Santen, Théa Pharma, TRB-Chemedica, and VISUfarma; and receiving research funding from Recordati Rare Diseases. Giuseppe Giannaccare reports serving on advisory boards, speakers bureaus, or as a consultant for Espansione Group, Off Health, Santen Pharmaceutical, Bausch + Lomb, Théa Pharma, FB Vision, Fidia, Alcon, Bruschettini, Alfa Intes, SIFI, DOC, and VISUfarma.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.